Word A Day

рама

рама: flock

Бачагон рамаҳои худро ба тарафи деҳа ронданд.
The children herded their flocks toward the village.
Дар он сарзамин чӯпонҳое буданд, ки шабона дар ҳавои кушод рамаи худро посбонӣ мекарданд.
In that country there were shepherds who watched their flocks outside at night.

Bonus:
рамарон: the person who is moving (herding) the flock from one place to another.
рамабон: shepherd; the person who watches the flock
рама рондан: to herd (move) a flock
рамаи гӯсфандон: a flock of sheep

шумо

шумо: you

Шумо нарафтед, ман ҳам нарафтам.
You didn’t go, I also didn’t go.
Шумо рӯзи дароз кор мекунед.
You work all day long.

Bonus:
Шумо is the plural “you” and ту is the singular “you”. Generally, in Tajik the plural you (шумо) is used when you want to be polite and when you are speaking to somebody older than yourself. Ту is generally used when speaking to somebody younger than you and when speaking to your peers. When to use шумо and when to use ту can be confusing, and it also differs from family to family. When in doubt, use “шумо”.

Note, that шумо can also mean “your”. Example:
Мо ба хонаи шумо омадем. We came to your house.

дароз

дароз: long

Лаклак паррандаи калонҷусса аст ки, гардану по ва нӯли дароз дорад.
A stork is a large-bodied bird that has a long neck, legs and beak.
Калтакалос, сангпушт ва морҳо муддати дароз бе об зиста метавонанд.
Lizards, tortoises and snakes can live for a long time without water.

Bonus:
Opposite – кӯтоҳ: short

умри дароз: long life
дароз кашидан: to lie down, stretch out
нафаси дароз кашидан: to take a long (deep) breath
дароздум, думдароз: long-tailed
дарозмӯй, мӯйдароз: long-haired

Дароз can also mean “all … long” as in зимистони дароз (all winter long) and рӯзи дароз (all day long).

калонҷусса

калонҷусса: large-bodied

Фил ҳайвони калонҷусса аст.
An elephant is a large-bodied animal.
Гӯсфанди ҳисорӣ нисбат ба дигар гӯсфандон калонҷусса мебошад.
Hissar sheep are large-bodied compared to other sheep.

Bonus:
Opposite – хурдҷусса: small-bodied
Synonym: бузургҷусса

ҷусса: body
калон: big, large

бигзор

бигзор: let, may

Бигзор нури шумо ба одамон тобад.
Let your light shine on people.
Бигзор дар ҳаёти шумо сулҳ, дар лабонатон ханда бошад.
May there be peace in your life and laughter on your lips.

Bonus:
Бигзор is the shortened form of бигузор which is the imperative form of the verb (би)гузоштан.

гум кардан

гум кардан: to lose

Агар намак қувваташро гум кунад, бо кадом чиз боз намакин шавад?
If salt loses its strength, with what can it be made salty again?
Дирӯз модарам як ҳалқаи тиллояшро гум кард.
Yesterday my mother lost one of her gold earrings.

Bonus:
гуш шудан: to be lost, to become lost
Гум шав!: Get lost! (not polite)
қобилияти худро гум кардан: to lose one’s ability
гапро гум кардан: to lose one’s words; to forget what you were going to say
роҳ гум кардан: to lose one’s way

масофа

масофа: distance

Масофаи роҳи аз Душанбе то Роғун сад километр аст.
The distance of the road from Dushanbe to Rogun is one hundred kilometres.
Тоҷикистон дар Ҷануб ба масофаи 1030 км бо Ҷумхурии Афғонистон ҳамсарҳад мебошад.
Tajikistan in the south shares a border with the country of Afghanistan for a distance of 1030 km.
Bonus:
Synonym: дурӣ, фосиламасофаи мобайни Моҳ ва Замин: the distance between the moon and the earth

чен кардан

чен кардан: to measure

Суръати бодро бо асбоби анемометр чен мекунанд.
They measure wind speed with an anemometer.
Ҳафт бор чен куну як бор бур.
Measure seven times, and cut one time.

Bonus:
Synonym: андоза кардан

ченкунак: measuring tape, measuring tool
ченкунӣ: measuring

In English one could say, “Wind speed is measured with an anemometer” (passive voice) rather than “They measure wind speed with an anemometer”. In Tajik it is less common to use the passive voice and more common to use the third person plural, as in today’s sample sentence.
Also, in the first sentence, the word асбоб means tool or instrument, but it is not needed in the English translation.

забон

забон: tongue

Муайян шудааст, ки асосан нӯги забон ширинӣ ҳис мекунад.
It has been determined that mainly the tip of the tongue senses sweetness.
Забонро аз гуфтори бад нигаҳ дор.
Keep the tongue from bad speech.

Bonus:
Забон also means language.

You can learn other body parts at Memrise (a free flashcard website): Tajik Human Body.

наздик

наздик: close, near

Идораи ман ба хонаамон наздик аст.
My office is close to our house.
Онҳо дӯстони наздик буданд.
They were close friends.

Bonus:
Antonym: дур

дӯсти наздик: close friend
наздикон: relatives and close friends
дар ояандаи наздик: in the near future
наздикбин: short-sighted
наздик шудан: to get close (to someone or something)