Tag: noun

калтакалос

калтакалос: lizard

Дар Тоҷикистон 33 намуди калтакалос дучор мешаванд.
In Tajikistan one can find 33 kinds of lizards.
Аз дуди офтобпараст муш ва калтакалосҳо мегурезанд.
Mice and lizards run away from the smoke of sunflowers.

Bonus:
Also called келас.

The first sentence is written in 3rd person plural, but the English translation is better in 3rd person singular.

Notice that in the second sentence the word for mice does not have the plural ending, ҳо. That is because when listing items the plural ending only has to go on the last item in the list; putting it on the other items is optional, but usually left off. It is understood from context that both words are plural.

You can read about lizards on Tajik Wikipedia: Калтакалос

мақсад

мақсад: intention, aim, purpose

Ман мақсад дорам, ки оянда боғбон шавам.
I have an intention to be a gardener in the future.
Мақсади экспедитсия ҷустуҷӯи роҳи баҳрӣ ба сӯи Ҳиндустон буд.
The purpose of the expedition was looking for a sea route to India.

Bonus:
Synonym: ният, қасд

This word is Arabic in origin, as are many words with the pattern m-a-C-C-V-C (C=consonant, V=vowel). Notice that the three root consonants (қ, с, д) are in the word қасд, which also means “will”, “intention”.

мақсад доштан: to have a purpose
мақсади асосӣ: main purpose
мақсади аслиро фаромӯш кардан: to forget the original purpose

таътил

таътил: holiday, vacation

Таътили ту кай тамом мешавад?
When does your vacation end?
Дар таътили тобистона кадом китобҳоро хондед?
Which books did you read during the summer holiday?

Bonus:
Synonym: истироҳат

таътили зимистона: winter holiday
таътили тобистона: summer holiday

аҳолӣ

аҳолӣ: population, inhabitants

Ҳар сол аҳолии Тоҷикистон тақрибан 100 ҳазор нафар зиёд мешавад.
Every year the population of Tajikistan increases by about 100 thousand people.
Зиёда аз 75 фоизи аҳолии Тоҷикистон дар деҳот зиндагӣ мекунанд.
More than 75 percent of the inhabitants of Tajikistan live in villages.

Bonus:
аҳл: inhabitant

The word аҳл is Arabic in origin. Its plural form, аҳолӣ, is quite different from the singular although some of the letters are the same. Here are some more examples of Arabic origin words with interesting plurals. Note that these words also (and more commonly) take the normal plural ending, ҳо.
тифл – атфол: child – children
ҳодиса – ҳаводис: event – events
амр – умур: command – commands

ҳавзаи дарё

ҳавзаи дарё: river basin

Дар Амрикои Ҷанубӣ дар ҳавзаи дарёи Ориноко шаршараи Анхел воқеъ гардидааст.
Angel Falls waterfall is situated in South America in the Orinoco river basin.
Панҷакент дар қисмати миёнаи ҳавзаи дарёи Зарафшон ҷойгир аст.
Panjakent is located in the middle section of the Zarafshon river basin.

Bonus:
дарё: river

You can read more about the Zarafshon river basin on Tajik wikipedia – Зарафшондарё

ҳавзаи дарёи Амазон: Amazon river basin
ҳавзаи дарёи Вахш: Vakhsh river basin
ҳавзаи дарёи Панҷ: Panj river basin

сабад

сабад: basket

Ҳама хӯрданду сер шуданд; ва аз пораҳои нон дувоздаҳ сабадро пур карданд.
Everyone ate and was full; and they filled twelve baskets from the pieces of bread.
Маро аз тиреза дар сабад аз девори шаҳр фуроварданд, ва ман аз дасти вай халос шудам.
They lowered me in a basket from a window in the wall of the city, and I escaped from his hands.

Bonus:
сабадча: small basket
сабадбоф: basket weaver
сабадбофӣ: basket weaving

марҳамат

марҳамат: mercy

Марҳамат мехоҳам, на қурбонӣ.
I want mercy, not sacrifice.
Марҳамат бар доварӣ ғалаба меёбад.
Mercy triumphs over judgment.

Bonus:
Synonyms: раҳм, лутф, меҳрубонӣ

This word is Arabic in origin. Notice the same three root consonants (р,ҳ,м) in the word раҳм.

ҳашарот

ҳашарот: insect

Дар Тоҷикистон 380 хели паранда ва беш аз 10 ҳазор намуди ҳашарот вомехӯранд.
In Tajikistan 380 kinds of birds and more than 10 thousand kinds of insects can be found.
Шимпанзеҳо мева, реша, ҳашарот ва тухми паррандаҳоро мехӯранд.
Chimpanzees eat fruit, roots, insects and bird eggs.

Bonus:
ҳашаротшинос: entomologist

For the first sentence, вомехӯранд means “they meet”. In Tajik the third person plural is often used instead of the passive voice.

Notice in the second sentence that when you have a list of items the direct object marker -ро is only added to the last item in the list.

This word is Arabic in origin. The suffix -от is the plural ending in Arabic. Ҳашарот is the Scientific class, insect, or the collection of insects. Many of these Arabic words with the plural ending are used in Tajik as singular words. The singular of ҳашарот is ҳашара, but that is not often used.

мева

мева: fruit

Дарахти хубе нест, ки меваи бад меоварда бошад.
There is no good tree that can produce bad fruit.
Ҳар дарахт аз мевааш шинохта мешавад.
Every tree is recognized by its fruit.

Bonus:
меваи хушк: dried fruit
мевадор: fruit-bearing, having fruit
мевафурӯш: fruit seller
мевафурӯшӣ: fruit-selling
мевачинӣ: fruit-picking

You can learn fruits at Memrise: Tajik Fruit and Nuts

навъ

навъ: kind, sort, variety

Дар Тоҷикистон ду навъи тарбуз парвариш меёбад.
In Tajikistan two kinds of watermelon are grown.
Дар Тоҷикистон аввали тобистон себи тезпазак, баъди он навъҳои тирамоҳӣ ва зимистонӣ мерасанд.
In Tajikistan at the beginning of summer the early-ripening apples ripen, and after that the fall and winter varieties.

Bonus:
Synonyms: хел, гуна

навъи аъло: excellent kind
навъҳои нави пахта: new varieties of cotton
ба навъҳо ҷудо кардан: to separate by kind