Word A Day

бирён кардан

бирён кардан: to fry

Гӯштро дар равғани доғ аз ду тараф бирён кунед.
Fry the meat on both sides in hot oil.
Картошкаи хомро шуста, пусташро мегирем, баъд пора карда, дар равған то сурх шуданаш бирён мекунем.
We wash the raw potatoes, and peel them, then we cut them and fry them in oil until they are browned.

Bonus:
You can also use бирён in a compound word to name several fried foods, for example –
картошкабирён: fried potatoes
тухмбирён: fried eggs
гӯштбирён: fried meat
мурхбирён: fried chicken
ҷигарбирён: fried liver

доварӣ кардан

доварӣ кардан: to judge

Ман ҳеҷ касро доварӣ намекунам.
I don’t judge anybody.
Доварӣ накунед, то шуморо доварӣ накунанд.
Don’t judge, so that they won’t judge you.

Bonus:
довар: judge

Tajik uses double negatives, as in the first sentence (ҳеҷ кас – nobody; доварӣ накунанд – they don’t judge). In English you could also translate the same sentence: “I judge nobody.”

сӣ

сӣ: thirty

Сӣ раками ҷуфт аст.
Thirty is an even number.
Дарахти чормағз баъди сӣ сол меваи хуб медиҳад.
A walnut tree gives good fruit (produce) after thirty years.

Bonus:
In Tajik, the noun following a number does not take the plural ending (ҳо, он).

сиюм: thirtieth

When a suffix is attached to a word ending in ӣ it is changed to и. Example –
яксаду сию панҷ: one hundred and thirty five

ҳашарот

ҳашарот: insect

Дар Тоҷикистон 380 хели паранда ва беш аз 10 ҳазор намуди ҳашарот вомехӯранд.
In Tajikistan 380 kinds of birds and more than 10 thousand kinds of insects can be found.
Шимпанзеҳо мева, реша, ҳашарот ва тухми паррандаҳоро мехӯранд.
Chimpanzees eat fruit, roots, insects and bird eggs.

Bonus:
ҳашаротшинос: entomologist

For the first sentence, вомехӯранд means “they meet”. In Tajik the third person plural is often used instead of the passive voice.

Notice in the second sentence that when you have a list of items the direct object marker -ро is only added to the last item in the list.

This word is Arabic in origin. The suffix -от is the plural ending in Arabic. Ҳашарот is the Scientific class, insect, or the collection of insects. Many of these Arabic words with the plural ending are used in Tajik as singular words. The singular of ҳашарот is ҳашара, but that is not often used.

камӣ доштан

камӣ доштан: to lack, to have a shortage

Ман ҳеҷ камӣ надорам.
I don’t lack anything.
Касе ки бисёр ҷамъ карда буд, зиёдатӣ надошт, ва касе ки кам ҷамъ карда буд, камӣ надошт.
The person who had gathered a lot had no extra, and the person who had gathered a little, had no shortage.

Bonus:
камӣ: lack, deficiency
доштан: to have

Synonyms: нуқсон доштан, норасоӣ доштан, эҳтиёҷ доштан

Opposite: зиёдӣ доштан (to have extra, to have a lot)

мева

мева: fruit

Дарахти хубе нест, ки меваи бад меоварда бошад.
There is no good tree that can produce bad fruit.
Ҳар дарахт аз мевааш шинохта мешавад.
Every tree is recognized by its fruit.

Bonus:
меваи хушк: dried fruit
мевадор: fruit-bearing, having fruit
мевафурӯш: fruit seller
мевафурӯшӣ: fruit-selling
мевачинӣ: fruit-picking

You can learn fruits at Memrise: Tajik Fruit and Nuts

навъ

навъ: kind, sort, variety

Дар Тоҷикистон ду навъи тарбуз парвариш меёбад.
In Tajikistan two kinds of watermelon are grown.
Дар Тоҷикистон аввали тобистон себи тезпазак, баъди он навъҳои тирамоҳӣ ва зимистонӣ мерасанд.
In Tajikistan at the beginning of summer the early-ripening apples ripen, and after that the fall and winter varieties.

Bonus:
Synonyms: хел, гуна

навъи аъло: excellent kind
навъҳои нави пахта: new varieties of cotton
ба навъҳо ҷудо кардан: to separate by kind

чароғ

чароғ: lamp, light

Чароғи бадан чашм аст.
The lamp of the body is the eye.
Чароғро афрӯхта, на дар зери зарфе, балки бар чароғдон мегузоранд, ва он гоҳ ба ҳама касоне ки дар хонаанд, рӯшноӣ медиҳад.
They light a lamp and put it not under a container, but on a lamp stand, and then it gives light to all people who are in the house.

Bonus:
чароғдон: lamp stand
газчароғ: gas light
пилтачароғ: wick lamp (kerosene lamp)

дуру дароз

дуру дароз: very long, very long time

Гулнора худро ба пеши пои холааш партофту дуру дароз гиръя кард.
Gulnora threw herself at her aunt’s feet and cried for a very long time.
Дар диёри мо санъати сурудхонӣ таърихи дуру дароз дорад.
In our country the art of singing has a very long history.

Bonus:
дур: far
дароз: long

By joining the two words with similar meaning it conveys the idea of “very”.